![]() ![]() This will allow us in the future to ask how neurons, as a group, regulate behavior and emotional responses. "Given the transparency of larval fish, it is possible to see at single-cell resolution what happens throughout the brain when the organism detects danger. "These findings underscore the usefulness of the zebrafish as a system to investigate the neural basis of innate fear," Jesuthasan said. Ultimately, the discovery could lead to new insight into the nature of fear itself. The trend suggests that chondroitin fragments may come in a variety of "flavors," and the researchers are now interested in testing whether the same fragments that breed fear in zebrafish will elicit responses in other species as well. For instance, some fish species will sense alarm cues released from closely related species but respond less intensely to cues from more distant relatives. Fish able to pick up the scent and flee are more likely to survive and reproduce. Those sugar fragments are naturally released upon injury, whether anyone can smell them or not. The Funhouse Dont Be Afraid of the Dark (1973) Dont Be Afraid of the Dark (2010) The Deadly Spawn Hellraiser The Thing Terrorvision The Fly Dead Birds The Descent Spookies Rawhead Rex Basket Case House (1986) The Brain C.H.U.D The X-Files: The Host The. ![]() It also helps to explain how this "danger" signal might have evolved even though the signal offers no particular benefit to its sender. The top 20 scary creatures from horror movies and TV shows. The findings identify a new class of odorants for fish. "This region of the olfactory bulb has unique projections to higher centers of the brain," Jesuthasan says, "so there may be a special circuit mediating aspects of the innate fear response." The researchers suggest that those neurons may be specialized to detect the sugary alarm cue. That region in the scent-processing olfactory bulb includes an enigmatic class of sensory neurons known as crypt cells. The new study shows that Schreckstoff and these sugar fragments register in a particular part of the zebrafish brain. "Our results provide a solution to a 70-year-old puzzle: the nature of this alarm signal," says Suresh Jesuthasan of A*Star's Neuroscience Research Partnership and the Duke/National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School in Singapore.Ĭhondroitin sulfate is a major component of fish skin, he said, and its breakdown - likely triggered by enzymes released upon injury - seems to be the key. When a fish is wounded, fragments of the sugar known as chondroitin sulfate alarm other fish nearby. Within that chemical brew is a special type of sugar found in abundance in fish skin. ![]()
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